The importance given to the so-called Shanghai ranking invites to examine the discursive characteristics of its media coverage in France. This article examines the use of the concessive movement in the case of its media coverage. The media coverage analysis, based on more than one million hits press corpora, made it possible to objectify one of the salient dicursive features of its diffusion: the importance of the concession which neutralizes counter-discours. In a context of reforms in higher education and research and discourse on evaluation and academic excellence, the analysis of the press dicourse showed that the concessive movement has contributed to the dissemination of this instrument of judgment and its naturalization.

Since September 11 2001 the world has been faced with challenges to the defence of nations and the security of their citizens, leading to hitherto unused laws, policies and strategies to counter the terrorist threat. This is a major challenge: to reconcile security needs with the demands of law, and respecting citizens' liberty, their language, their culture and their legitimate aspirations. In this paper, antiterrorist discourse will first be studied, its terms and definitions examined, as well as the types of texts used and the way they are formulated in language. Then the cross-disciplinary approach is used to produce practical methods to ascertain the state of terrorist threat in its international dimension, to achieve a fine grained but global understanding of the phenomenon for the future.

The main goal of this study is to show through the comparative study of the adjuncts décidément and decididamente (and some others) in French and Spanish respectively that a) morphological similarity between two languages is far from being a reliable criterion for translation, as exemplified in: Décidément, quel désastre ! / ¡Desde luego! *¡Decididamente!, ¡Qué desastre! ('It's definitely a disaster!'); b) using elementatry linguistic properties leads to better results. In addition to French décidément, which is the core of the debate, some others cases will also be considered like définitivement, naturellement, incontestablement, indubitablement vs desde luego, decididamente, naturalmente and sin duda. To avoid making arbitrary choices, a good translation of connectives and discursive markers must establish and apply very strict operating rules, as regards syntax and semantics of course, but also contextual and cotextual characteristics.

The frequent occurrence of electronic conversations (chats) on channels devoted to this activity highlights the existence of ordinary language uses having the peculiarity of being simultaneously current and written and non confidential. This phenomenon is studied here from the point of view of identity, and according to dual and complementary approaches. These link the variety of the (ortho)graphical practices observed to the sociolinguistic representations which organize them at identity level. It appears that the chatters' discursive practices, in the absence of any other way to do it, become the only way to bring to existence for the interlocutors extralinguistic determinants pertaining to the chat, this process being underlied by linguistic representations.