1998-2 | Terminologie : nouvelles orientations (Terminology: new orientations) | |
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Loïc DEPECKER (Paris 3)L'ère de la terminologie informationnelle(The era of institutional terminology)pp. 7-13
Three major aspects of terminology work can be analysed: terminology applied to standardisation, translation and information. These aspects come from the three principal moments of terminology development in this century. This article deals with the growing importance of terminology in information sciences and data processing.
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Marcel DIKI-KIDIRI (CNRS-Llacan)Questions de méthode en terminologie en langues africaines(Methods in terminology for African languages)pp. 15-28
This article aims to show that the furthering of african languages as a means of information and education makes it necessary that these languages be 'instrumentalised', i.e. supplied with all the tools that are indispensable for their development (orthographic nomalisation, a grammar, dictionaries and so forth). Of these tools the terminological enrichment plays a central role. However, this terminological activity has to be conducted in a sociological and cultural context whose specificity in a certain sense puts constraints on the methodology. This is illustrated by the translation of the Declaration of Human Rights in sängo, one of the official languages in the Central African Republic.
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Rita TEMMERMAN (Bruxelles, Belgique)Terminology theory and Terminography in a Natural Language Processing Environmentpp. 29-46
Terminography has been benefiting from computerised Natural Language Processing. In this article we discuss the possibilities offered by computer tools for both terminography and terminology research. We also draw the attention to the limitations imposed by traditional terminology theory (e.g. the Vienna school approach) and propose alternative principles and methods for terminography. We show how a new paradigm inspired by recent developments in cognitive semantics and discourse analysis could yield more realistic principles and methods for terminography and the development of alternative Natural Language Processing Tools.
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Gaston GROSS & Franz GUENTHNER (Paris 13 / Munich, Allemagne)Traitement automatique des domaines(Automatic processing of linguistic 'domains')pp. 47-56
The aim of this article is to present a practical implementation of the notion of a "domain" for the automatic processing of domain information and its application to information retrieval on the web. After a discussion of the problems that arise when assigning a text to a given domain, we will define a domain as a set of hyperclasses (such as human, concrete, locative, actions etc.) and of object classes, which correspond to the structure of a simple sentence into predicates and arguments. This semantic-syntactic information is already encoded in general and technical language dictionaries. In these dictionaries we distinguish between simple and compound words. On the basis of the dictionaries we will tag web pages. A first application has enabled the search engine Alta Vista to identify 29 languages. We have also found that the identification of compound word allows queries that lead to more precise and more rapid results, compared to search algorithms that work exclusively with the simple words of the compound expression. Information retrieval can thus be considerably improved by taking into account compound words. An application of this research will be the retrieval of texts in medical language that we are carrying out in the framework of the European Commission research project Webling.
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Philippe THOIRON & Henri BÉJOINT (Lyon 2)Dénominations, définitions et génériques(Denomination, definition and generics)pp. 57-70
In our work on denomination, which is based on a multilingual comparative approach of pluri-terms naming artefacts, we have noticed that the relationship between denomination and definition is not a simple one-way system. There exists a "warping" phenomenon which appears in the definition, especially in the choice of the generic, in which it is difficult not to see the influence of the naming elements. The complementarity between denomination and definition should encourage a new terminographic approach in which the definition should take more into account information which, directly or indirectly, can be conveyed by the denomination itself. This type of definition is considered to be particularly useful in tools to be used in language engineering.
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Nathalie BARGOT (Lyon 2)Langage de spécialité et construction de thesaurus(Specialized language and thesaurus building)pp. 71-97
The study presented here touches on documentation and terminology, these domains being very often linked together in the context of industry. Building up a thesaurus is considered from a linguistic viewpoint through various corpus studies and on both a formal and a semantic level. In this article will be treated successively the acceptation of terms in the terminological corpus specific for the gas industry, the constitution of domains on the basis of this list and by interviews of specialists for each of these domains.
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Bernard COMBETTES (Nancy 2)Quelques problèmes posés par l'élaboration d'une terminologie pour l'enseignement de la langue(Problems with defining a terminology for language teaching)pp. 99-108
In examining the new grammatical terminology to be used in secondary education, great emphasis is put on showing that establishing a terminolgy cannot be separated from didactic aspects (such as contents and processes), both in the selection of the notions and in their hierarchy. In this specific case, the division of the subject matter in three categories (discourse, texte, sentence) causes the greatest difficulties.
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Sylvain AUROUX & Bernard COLOMBAT (CNRS / Grenoble)Le projet de Dictionnaire de la terminologie linguistique(The Linguistic Terminology Dictionary Project)pp. 109-113
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John HUMBLEY (CNRS)Documentation terminologique(Documentation in Terminology)pp. 115-124